Bourbon vs. Whiskey: What's the Difference?

"All bourbon is whiskey, but not all whiskey is bourbon." It's a phrase you might have already heard before. But do you actually know what it means? Bourbon, rye, Scotch—the variety can be overwhelming. If you've ever stood in a liquor store amid all the amber bottles wondering if one is really all that different from the other, you're not alone. 

This blog will clarify the difference between bourbon and other whiskeys, and help you understand these popular spirits with confidence. We'll explore what makes bourbon unique, how it differs from its whiskey relatives, and introduce you to some exceptional bottles you can find at Seneca Wine & Liquor in New Hartford, NY.

Whiskey is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. The term "whiskey" encompasses a broad category of spirits, each with its own unique characteristics based on ingredients, production methods, and regional traditions.

1. Ingredients: Typically made from grains like barley, corn, rye, or wheat
2. Production: Distilled and aged in wooden barrels
3. Alcohol content: Usually between 40-50% ABV (80-100 proof)
4. Varieties: Includes Scotch, Irish whiskey, Canadian whisky, and American whiskey

Whiskey production involves several steps:

• Malting: Grains are soaked in water and allowed to germinate
• Mashing: Malted grains are mixed with water and heated
• Fermentation: Yeast is added to convert sugars into alcohol
• Distillation: The liquid is heated and condensed to increase alcohol content
• Aging: The spirit is stored in wooden barrels for maturation

The aging process significantly impacts the flavor, aroma, and color of whiskey. During this time, the spirit interacts with the wood, absorbing compounds that contribute to its complex profile.

Bourbon is a specific type of American whiskey with strict production requirements set by U.S. law. To be labeled as bourbon, the spirit must meet several criteria:

1. Made in the United States
2. Produced from a grain mixture that's at least 51% corn
3. Distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume)
4. Aged in new, charred oak barrels
5. Entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof
6. Bottled at 80 proof or more

Bourbon's history dates back to the late 18th century, with its name derived from Bourbon County, Kentucky. While it can be produced anywhere in the United States, Kentucky remains the heart of bourbon country, producing about 95% of the world's supply.
The production process for bourbon follows similar steps to other whiskeys, with some key differences:

• Mash bill: Must contain at least 51% corn, with the remainder typically being rye, wheat, or malted barley
• Sour mash: Many bourbon producers use a portion of the previous batch's mash to start fermentation, ensuring consistency
• New barrels: Unlike some other whiskeys, bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels, which contribute significantly to its flavor profile

These unique requirements give bourbon its distinctive sweet, full-bodied flavor with notes of vanilla, caramel, and oak. The use of corn as the primary grain imparts a natural sweetness, while the new charred oak barrels provide a rich, smoky character.

While all bourbons are whiskeys, not all whiskeys are bourbons. Here are the main factors that set bourbon apart:

These differences result in distinct flavor profiles:

Bourbon tends to be sweeter and fuller-bodied, with prominent vanilla, caramel, and oak notes. The new charred barrels impart a noticeable smokiness.
Whiskey flavors vary widely depending on the type. Scotch often has peaty, smoky notes, while Irish whiskey is typically smoother with a lighter body. American rye whiskey offers spicy, peppery flavors.

Different regions produce unique styles of whiskey, each with its own character and production methods.

Rye whiskey adds another dimension to the whiskey family, with its own unique characteristics and relation to bourbon.

1. Rye Whiskey

• Mash Bill: At least 51% rye
• Flavor Profile: Spicy, peppery, with a drier finish
• Cocktail Use: Traditional choice for Manhattans and Sazeracs

2. Bourbon

• Mash Bill: At least 51% corn
• Flavor Profile: Sweeter, with more caramel and vanilla notes
• Cocktail Use: Often preferred in Old Fashioneds and Mint Juleps

When choosing between rye and bourbon, consider your flavor preferences and intended use. Rye's bold, spicy character stands up well in mixed drinks, while bourbon's sweetness makes it versatile for sipping neat or in cocktails.

At Seneca Wine & Liquor, we pride ourselves on offering a carefully curated selection of bourbons, whiskeys, and ryes. Here are some of our top recommendations:

Whiskey comes in many forms, each with its own character. Bourbon offers sweetness and fullness, rye brings spice, Scotch can range from light to intensely peaty, and Irish whiskey is known for smoothness.

Knowing how these spirits differ in ingredients, production, and taste helps you choose what you like. There's always something new to try, whether you're experienced or just starting out.

At Seneca Wine & Liquor, we're here to help you explore. Visit us at 8630 Seneca Turnpike, New Hartford, NY 13413. Our staff can guide you through our selection, whether you want a bourbon for cocktails, a Scotch for sipping, or a rye to broaden your tastes.

Different regions produce unique styles of whiskey, each with its own character and production methods.